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|
 Estonia at a Glance
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Official name: Republic of Estonia
Short form: Estonia
National Day: Independence Day, February 24. Estonia declared its independence on this day in 1918.
Geography
Area: 45 227 square km.
Estonia is a green land, forests cover around half of the country (20 155 square km)
Borders: Total length - 1445.4 km, with a sea border of 768.6 km and a land border of 676.8 km.
Distances from Tallinn to:
- Helsinki 85 km;
- Riga 307 km;
- St. Petersburg 395 km;
- Stockholm 405 km.
Climate: humid-temperate
Number of islands: 1 521. Largest islands are Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and Muhu.
Estonia is a country of thousand lakes, largest of these are Lake Peipsi and Lake Vortsjärv
Highest point: Suur Munamägi (Great Egg Hill), 318 m
Temperature range (average daily): -2.4°C in January 2002 and +19.1°C in July 2002
Population
The last official census was taken in 2000
Total population: 1.37 million
Population density: 30 inhabitants per square km
The proportion of urban population: 67.4%
The proportion of rural population: 32.6%
The birth rate in 2000 was 9.56 per 1000 residents while the mortality rate reached 13.46 per 1000 residents
Largest ethnic groups:
- Estonians - 68%,
- Russians - 26%,
- Ukrainians - 2%,
- Belarussians - 1%
- Finns - 1%
Main Cities
The capital of Estonia is Tallinn (population 400 thousand or 29.2% of total population).
Other large cities and population:
- Tartu - 101 000
- Narva - 69 000
- Kohtla-Järve - 48 000
- Pärnu - 46 000
Language
The official language in Estonia is Estonian, which belongs to the Finno-Ugric language family and is closely related to Finnish. Along with Finnish, English, Russian and German are also widely spoken and understood.
State
Type: parliamentary democracy.
Head of the State is the President, who is elected by the parliament or an Electoral Body. Term: 5 years. Current President: Mr. Arnold Rüütel, elected by the Electoral Body on September 21, 2001. Next elections: September 2006
National legislature: the Riigikogu. A unicameral parliament of 101 members. Term: 4 years. The last elections for the tenth Riigikogu were held on March 2, 2003
Head of the Government: Prime Minister, currently Mr. Juhan Parts (Res Publica).
Highest judicial power: Supreme Court
Administrative division: 15 counties, 202 rural municipalities and 39 towns. The last elections for local authorities were held on October 20, 2002
Electoral systems: proportional representation. There is universal suffrage for Estonian citizens over 18 years of age.
Municipal elections: Term: 3 years. All permanent residents over 18 years old, regardless of citizenship are eligible to vote in municipal elections. Next local elections: October 2005
Currency
The Estonian Kroon (EEK), 1 Kroon = 100 sents
1 EUR = 15.65 EEK
Education
The number of comprehensive schools is 654, of which 542 are for speakers of Estonian, 93 are for speakers of Russian and 19 schools work in both Estonian and Russian.
There are 16 universities in Estonia, including 10 private universities.
Religion
Since the Reformation movement in the 16th century, the Lutheran church has played the leading role in Estonia. Other larger active confessions are: Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Baptist, Methodist and Roman Catholic.
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